spinal accessory nerves การใช้

• The spinal accessory nerve continues alone and heads backwards and downwards.
• A winged scapula due to spinal accessory nerve damage will often be exaggerated on arm abduction.
• A winged scapula may also be suggestive of abnormal spinal accessory nerve function, as described above.
• Injury to the spinal accessory nerve is most commonly caused by medical procedures that involve the head and neck.
• Strength testing of these muscles can be measured during a neurological examination to assess function of the spinal accessory nerve.
• The fibers that form the spinal accessory nerve are formed by lower motor neurons located in the upper segments of the spinal cord.
• Consequently, the term " accessory nerve " usually refers only to nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, also called the spinal accessory nerve.
• In patients with damage to the spinal accessory nerve, shoulder elevation will be diminished, and the patient will be incapable of raising the shoulders against the examiner's resistance.
• One-sided weakness of the trapezius may indicate injury to the nerve on the same side of an injury to the spinal accessory nerve on the same side ( ) of the body being assessed.
• The upper sternocleidomastoid branch diverts from the main trunk at the deep border of the proximal end of the posterior digastric muscle belly, coursing with the spinal accessory nerve prior to arborising into the sternocleidomastoid.
• The first known surgical repair of an injured facial nerve was performed by Drobnick in 1879, who connected the proximal spinal accessory nerve ( innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles ) to the paralysed facial nerve.
• The radical neck dissection is defined as removing all of the lymphatic tissue in regions I-V including removal of the spinal accessory nerve ( SAN ), sternocleidomastoid muscle ( SCM ), and internal jugular vein ( IJV ).
• The eleventh or spinal accessory nerve corresponds to a line drawn from a point midway between the angle of the jaw and the mastoid process to the middle of the posterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle and thence across the posterior triangle to the deep surface of the trapezius.
• Weakness in head-turning suggests injury to the contralateral spinal accessory nerve : a weak leftward turn is indicative of a weak right sternocleidomastoid muscle ( and thus right spinal accessory nerve injury ), while a weak rightward turn is indicative of a weak left sternocleidomastoid muscle ( and thus left spinal accessory nerve ).
• Weakness in head-turning suggests injury to the contralateral spinal accessory nerve : a weak leftward turn is indicative of a weak right sternocleidomastoid muscle ( and thus right spinal accessory nerve injury ), while a weak rightward turn is indicative of a weak left sternocleidomastoid muscle ( and thus left spinal accessory nerve ).
• Weakness in head-turning suggests injury to the contralateral spinal accessory nerve : a weak leftward turn is indicative of a weak right sternocleidomastoid muscle ( and thus right spinal accessory nerve injury ), while a weak rightward turn is indicative of a weak left sternocleidomastoid muscle ( and thus left spinal accessory nerve ).